1. http://codex.wordpress.org/Writing_a_Plugin
2. http://codex.wordpress.org/Plugin_API
3. Specifically, http://codex.wordpress.org/Plugin_API#Filters
4. hook_name == "the_content".
That should be enough to get the functionality of your plugin working. Creating a Settings menu and such is slightly harder. I wrote a tutorial that should help somewhat, but it's a bit advanced, not necessarily for beginners: http://ottodestruct.com/blog/2009/wo...-api-tutorial/
However, it is pretty much plug and play code I'm describing there, simply putting very similar code like it directly into a plugin will work.
Bonus code to start with:
PHP Code:
<?php
/*
Plugin Name: Magical Fairy Plugin
Description: Adds happy fairy juice after every post!
*/
add_filter('the_content','fairy_juice');
function fairy_juice($content) {
$content .= '<p>Fairy Time! Rainbows and Unicorns! Wheee!</p>';
return $content;
}